The weather was hot, humid and partly sunny as nineteen participants completed this week's survey. A butterfly's nectar diet does not always provide all necessary nutrients. The American Lady shown below is obtaining additional vitamins and minerals from moist mammal scat. Other sources may include bird droppings, mud, rotting fruit and animal carcasses. Select Photos and Complete List of Sightings: Strymon melinus (gray hairstreak) photo by Katherine Daniels Satyrium favonius (oak hairstreak) photo by Julie Shaw Hemiargus isola (Reakirt's blue) photo by Katherine Daniels Vanessa virginiensis (American lady feeding on scat) photo by Annelia Williams Phyciodes tharos (pearl crescents mating) photo by Katherine Daniels Spinus psaltria (lesser goldfinches: female & male) photo by Annelia Williams & Beth Kirkhart Tyrannus verticalis (western kingbird) photo by Beth Kirkhart Empidonax minimus (least flycatcher) photo by Beth Kirkhart Geothlypis trichas (common yellowthroat) photo by Beth Kirkhart Bubo virginianus (great horned owls) photo by Bill Boyd Centris atripes (digger bee) photo by Michael Knox Osmia subfasciata (mason bee) photo by Michael Knox Sphacophilus argutus (sawfly, male) photo by Linda Crabtree Euphoria fulgida (emerald euphoria) photo by Val Bugh Melanoplus differentialis (differential grasshopper nymphs: color variations) photo by Cyd Wehner & Michael Knox Scudderia furcata & Conocephalus sp. (fork-tailed bush katydid & meadow katydid nymphs) photo by Val Bugh Prosapia bicincta (two-lined spittlebug) photo by Justin Council Allograpta obliqua (flower flies: female & male) photo by Linda Crabtree & Julie Shaw Aspidoscelis gularis gularis (Texas spotted whiptails) photo by Beth Kirkhart Hyalophora cecropia (Cecropia moth larva) photo by Harriett Wolf Birds: American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) American Goldfinch (Spinus tristis) American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) American Robin (Turdus migratorius) Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) Bewick's Wren (Thryomanes bewickii) Black Vulture (Coragyps atratus) Black-bellied Whistling-duck (Dendrocygna autumnalis) Black-capped Vireo (Vireo atricapilla) Black-chinned Hummingbird (Archilochus alexandri) Black-crested Titmouse (Baeolophus atricristatus) Blue Grosbeak (Passerina caerulea) Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata) Blue-gray Gnatcatcher (Polioptila caerulea) Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) Carolina Chickadee (Poecile carolinensis) Carolina Wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus) Cedar Waxwing (Bombycilla cedrorum) Chimney Swift (Chaetura pelagica) Chipping Sparrow (Spizella passerina) Chuck-will's-widow (Caprimulgus carolinensis) Clay-colored Sparrow (Spizella pallida) Common Raven (Corvus corax) Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas) Cooper's Hawk (Accipiter cooperii) Dickcissel (Spiza americana) Downy Woodpecker (Dryobates pubescens) Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis) Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna) Eastern Phoebe (Sayornis phoebe) Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum) Gray Catbird (Dumetella carolinensis) Great Crested Flycatcher (Myiarchus crinitus) Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus) Greater Roadrunner (Geococcyx californianus) Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus) House Finch (Haemorhous mexicanus) House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea) Ladder-backed Woodpecker (Dryobates scalaris) Lark Sparrow (Chondestes grammacus) Least Flycatcher (Empidonax minimus) Lesser Goldfinch (Spinus psaltria) Lincoln's Sparrow (Melospiza lincolnii) Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura) Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos) Painted Bunting (Passerina ciris) Purple Martin (Progne subis) Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus) Red-shouldered Hawk (Buteo lineatus) Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) Rose-breasted Grosbeak (Pheucticus ludovicianus) Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis) Summer Tanager (Piranga rubra) Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) Warbling Vireo (Vireo gilvus) Western Kingbird (Tyrannus verticalis) White-crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys) White-eyed Vireo (Vireo griseus) White-throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis) White-winged Dove (Zenaida asiatica) Wild Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) Yellow-billed Cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus) Yellow-breasted Chat (Icteria virens) Yellow-rumped Warbler (Dendroica coronata) Mammals: Eastern Fox Squirrel (Sciurus niger) White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Northern Raccoon (Procyon lotor), fresh scat Common Gray Fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), fresh scat Coyote (Canis latrans), fresh scat Reptiles & Amphibians: Redstripe Ribbon Snake (Thamnophis proximus rubrilineatus) Rough Green Snake (Opheodrys aestivus) Western Coachwhip (Masticophis flagellum testaceus) Mediterranean Gecko (Hemidactylus turcicus) Texas Spotted Whiptail (Aspidoscelis gularis gularis) Texas Spiny Lizard (Sceloporus olivaceus) Green Anole (Anolis carolinensis) Ground Skink (Scincella lateralis) Rio Grande Leopard Frog (Lithobates berlandieri) Misc.: Harvestman (Leiobunum sp.) Milk Snail (Otala lactea) Insects & Spiders: order family genus/species common name lepidoptera   nymphalidae   Danaus plexippus   Monarch       Danaus gilippus   Queen       Euptoieta claudia   Variegated Fritillary       Junonia coenia   Common Buckeye (adult & pupa)       Vanessa atalanta   Red Admiral       Vanessa virginiensis   American Lady       Phyciodes tharos   Pearl Crescent    pieridae   Zerene cesonia   Southern Dogface       Phoebis sennae   Cloudless Sulphur       Ascia monuste   Great Southern White    papilionidae   Battus philenor   Pipevine Swallowtail       Papilio cresphontes   Giant Swallowtail    lycaenidae   Strymon melinus   Gray Hairstreak       Satyrium favonius   Oak Hairstreak       Atlides halesus   Great Purple Hairstreak       Hemiargus isola   Reakirt's Blue (adult & larva)    hesperiidae   Erynnis horatius   Horace's Duskywing    noctuidae   Lacinipolia laudabilis   Laudable Arches Moth       Galgula partita   The Wedgling       Catabena lineolata   Fine-lined Sallow       Cerma cerintha   Tufted Bird Dropping Moth       Spragueia obatra   Moth       Spodoptera ornithogalli   Yellow-striped Armyworm (larva)       Xerociris wilsonii   Wilson's Wood-nymph       Helicoverpa zea   Corn Earworm Moth       Sympistis kappa   Moth    erebidae   Plusiodonta compressipalpis   Moonseed Moth       Melipotis acontioides   Royal Poinciana Moth       Eubolina impartialis   Moth    arctiidae   Cisthene tenuifascia   Thin-banded Lichen Moth       Estigmene acrea   Salt Marsh Moth (larva)    notodontidae   Coelodasys errucata   Prominent    saturniidae   Hyalophora cecropia   Cecropia Moth (larva)    sphingidae   Hyles lineata   White-lined Sphinx (larva)       Deidamia inscriptum   Lettered Sphinx (larva)    geometridae   Digrammia pallidata   Moth       Digrammia atrofasciata   Moth       Macaria aequiferaria   Woody Angle       Psamatodes abydata   Dot-lined Angle       Rindgea cyda   Mesquite Looper Moth       Iridopsis defectaria   Brown-shaded Gray Moth       Glena quinquelinearia   Five-lined Glena       Euacidalia sp.   Moth       Nemoria bifilata   White-barred Emerald       Chlorochlamys chloroleucaria   Blackberry Looper Moth (adult & larva)       Synchlora frondaria   Southern Emerald       Pimaphera sparsaria   Moth       Nematocampa resistaria   Horned Spanworm Moth       Pleuroprucha insulsaria   Common Tan Wave (larva)       Idaea furciferata   Notch-winged Wave       Unknown sp.   Moth (larva)    crambidae   Diastictis fracturalis   Fractured Western Snout Moth       Achyra rantalis   Garden Webworm Moth       Pyrausta tyralis   Coffee-loving Pyrausta Moth       Uresiphita reversalis   Genista Caterpillar Moth       Microtheoris ophionalis   Yellow-veined Moth       Microtheoris vibicalis   Whip-marked Snout Moth       Glaphyria sesquistrialis   White-roped Glaphyria       Elophila gyralis   Waterlily Borer Moth       Desmia subdivisalis   Moth       Eoreuma densella   Wainscot Grass-veneer Moth       Microcrambus croesus   Grass-veneer Moth    pyralidae   Pococera euphemella   Mesquite Leaftier Moth       Hypsopygia olinalis   Yellow-fringed Dolichomia       Tampa dimediatella   Tampa Moth       Baphala pallida   Moth       Homoeosoma electella   Sunflower Moth       Etiella zinckenella   Gold-banded Etiella    tortricidae   Epiblema desertana   Leafroller Moth       Cydia membrosa   Leafroller Moth       Sparganothis demissana   Moth       Archips argyrospila   Fruit Tree Leafroller Moth       Archips sermiferanus   Oak Leafroller Moth       Eumarozia malachitana   Sculptured Moth       Aethes seriatana   Seriated Aethes Moth       Platphalonidia magdalenae   Moth       Unknown sp.   Moth    gelechiidae   Aristotelia rubidella   Moth       Isophrictis similiella   Moth       Neodactylota liguritrix   Moth       Compsolechia crescentifasciella   Moth       Pseudotelphusa sp.   Moth    depressariidae   Ethmia semilugens   Ethmia Moth       Ethmia delliella   Ladder-backed Ethmia    oecophoridae   Inga cretacea   Chalky Inga    blastobasidae   Blastobasis glandulella   Acorn Moth       Unknown sp.   Moth    coleophoridae   Coleophora sp.   Moth    autostichidae   Glyphidocera lactiflosella   Five-spotted Glyphidocera    zygaenidae   Harrisina coracina   Grapeleaf Skeletonizer Moth    scythrididae   Scythris trivinctella   Moth    ypsolophidae   Ypsolopha unicipunctella   Agarita Slug Moth    momphidae   Mompha eloisella   Red-streaked Mompha Moth    tineidae   Diachorisia velatella   Moth    cosmopterigidae   Cosmopterix sp.   Moth       Triclonella determinatella   Moth coleoptera   chrysomelidae   Asphaera lustrans   Flea Beetle       Cassida relicta   Tortoise Beetle       Brachypnoea sp.   Leaf Beetle       Diabrotica undecimpunctata   Spotted Cucumber Beetle       Metrioidea varicornis   Leaf Beetle       Xanthonia sp.   Leaf Beetle    coccinellidae   Cycloneda sanguinea   Red Lady Beetle (adult & larva)       Cycloneda munda   Lady Beetle (adult & larva)       Harmonia axyridis   Multi-colored Asian Lady Beetle       Scymnus sp.   Lady Beetle (larva)    buprestidae   Acmaeodera neglecta   Metallic Woodborer    cerambycidae   Rhopalophora longipes   Longhorn Beetle       Moneilema armatum   Cactus Longhorn       Hemierana marginata   Longhorn Beetle    tenebrionidae   Eleodes goryi   Desert Stink Beetle    carabidae   Pasimachus californicus   Ground Beetle       Bembidion impotens   Ground Beetle       Tetragonoderus intersectus   Ground Beetle       Paratachys sp.   Ground Beetle       Harpalus sp.   Ground Beetle       Selenophorus sp.   Ground Beetle       Brachinus sp.   Bombardier Beetle    dytiscidae   Copelatus chevrolati   Predaceous Diving Beetle    melyridae   Attalus nigripes   Soft-winged Flower Beetle    scraptiidae   Allopoda sp.   False Flower Beetle    elateridae   Melanotus sp.   Click Beetle    staphylinidae   Philonthus rufulus   Rove Beetle    bostrichidae   Xylobiops sp.   Powder-post Beetle       Lichenophanes bicornis   Horned Powder-post Beetle    meloidae   Nemognatha sp.   Blister Beetle    mordellidae   Unknown sp.   Tumbling Flower Beetle    scarabaeidae   Euphoria kernii   Flower Scarab       Euphoria fulgida   Emerald Euphoria       Trichiotinus texanus   Texas Flower Scarab       Diplotaxis sp.   Scarab       Ataenius platensis   Aphodiine Dung Beetle    erotylidae   Pseudischyrus extricatus   Pleasing Fungus Beetle    anthricidae   Vacusus vicinus   Antlike Flower Beetle hemiptera   coreidae   Acanthocephala terminalis   Coreid Bug (adult & nymph)       Leptoglossus phyllopus   Eastern Leaf-footed Bug (adult & nymph)       Chelinidea vittiger   Opuntia Bug (adult & nymph)       Narnia femorata   Cactus Bug    lygaeidae   Oncopeltus fasciatus   Large Milkweed Bug       Nysius sp.   False Chinch Bug    largidae   Largus sp.   Largus Bug    berytidae   Jalysus sp.   Stilt Bug    miridae   Poecilocapsus lineatus   Four-lined Plant Bug       Polymerus basalis   Plant Bug (adult & nymph)       Hamatophylus guttulosus   Plant Bug       Hesperolabops gelastops   Cactus Plant Bug       Phytocoris sp.   Plant Bug       Oncerometopus nigriclavus   Plant Bug       Halticotoma nicholi   Nolina Plant Bug       Lopidea major   Plant Bug       Lopidea confluenta   Plant Bug (adult & nymph)       Plagiognathus politus   Plant Bug    gerridae   Aquarius remigis   Water Strider    mesoveliidae   Mesovelia mulsanti   Water Treader    reduviidae   Apiomerus spissipes   Bee Assassin       Arilus cristatus   Wheel Bug (nymph)    cydnidae   Sehirus cinctus   Burrowing Bug    pentatomidae   Chlorochroa ligata   Conchuela (nymph)       Banasa euchlora   Stink Bug homoptera   cicadellidae   Excultanus excultus   Leafhopper       Draeculacephala sp.   Leafhopper       Cuerna costalis   Leafhopper       Empoasca sp.   Leafhopper       Paraphlepsius sp.   Leafhopper       Chlorotettix sp.   Leafhopper       Texananus sp.   Leafhopper       Graphocephala hieroglyphica   Leafhopper (adult & nymph)       Macrosteles sp.   Leafhopper       Cantura jucunda   Leafhopper       Exitianus exitiosus   Gray Lawn Leafhopper       Norvellina helenae   Leafhopper       Homalodisca vitripennis   Glassy-winged Sharpshooter    cixiidae   Melanoliarus sp.   Planthopper       Pintalia delicata   Planthopper    delphacidae   Metadelphax propinqua   Planthopper       Pissonotus piceus   Planthopper    flatidae   Flatormenis saucia   Planthopper    tropiduchidae   Dictyonissus griphus   Planthopper (nymph)    membracidae   Archasia auriculata   Treehopper       Tortistilus inermis   Treehopper       Heliria cristata   Treehopper    cercopidae   Prosapia bicincta   Two-lined Spittlebug    clastopteridae   Clastoptera xanthocephala   Sunflower Spittlebug (adult & nymph)    aphididae   Aphis nerii   Oleander Aphid hymenoptera   apidae   Apis mellifera   Honey Bee       Bombus sonorus   Sonoran Bumble Bee       Centris atripes   Digger Bee       Anthophora californica   Digger Bee       Diadasia afflicta   Chimney Bee       Xylocopa virginica   Eastern Carpenter Bee       Ceratina sp.   Small Carpenter Bee    andrenidae   Protandrena sp.   Bee       Perdita ignota   Fairy Bee    halictidae   Lasioglossum sp.   Sweat Bee       Augochloropsis metallica   Green Sweat Bee    megachilidae   Megachile sp.   Leaf-cutter Bee       Osmia subfasciata   Mason Bee       Anthidium maculosum   Woolcarder Bee    vespidae   Polistes exclamans   Paper Wasp       Polistes bellicosus   Paper Wasp       Euodynerus crypticus   Mason Wasp    crabronidae   Astata sp.   Wasp       Bicyrtes sp.   Sand Wasp    sphecidae   Sceliphron caementarium   Yellow-and-black Mud Dauber       Sphex lucae   Digger Wasp    pompilidae   Pepsis sp.   Tarantula-hawk Wasp    mutillidae   Dasymutilla ursus   Velvet Ant    formicidae   Solenopsis invicta   Imported Fire Ant       Crematogaster laeviuscula   Acrobat Ant       Brachymyrmex patagonicus   Rover Ant       Labidus coecus   Army Ant (alate)       Camponotus decipiens   Carpenter Ant       Camponotus festinatus   Carpenter Ant    torymidae   Podagrion sp.   Torymid Wasp    cynipidae   Unknown sp.   Gall Wasp    ichneumonidae   Ophion sp.   Ichneumon       Anomalon sp.   Ichneumon    braconidae   Phanerotoma sp.   Braconid Wasp       Unknown sp.   Braconid Wasp    argidae   Sphacophilus argutus   Sawfly diptera   syrphidae   Hypocritanus fascipennis   Flower Fly       Dioprosopa clavata   Flower Fly (larva)       Allograpta obliqua   Flower Fly       Palpada vinetorum   Flower Fly    bombyliidae   Poecilanthrax lucifer   Bee Fly       Villa sp.   Bee Fly    asilidae   Atomosia melanopogon   Robber Fly       Promachus hinei   Robber Fly    stratiomyidae   Hedriodiscus sp.   Soldier Fly    therevidae   Ozodiceromyia notata   Stiletto Fly    micropezidae   Rainieria antennaepes   Stilt-legged Fly    calliphoridae   Lucilia cuprina   Bronze Bottle Fly    sarcophagidae   Unknown sp.   Satellite Fly    chloropidae   Unknown sp.   Frit Fly    dolichopodidae   Condylostylus sp.   Long-legged Fly    chironomidae   Unknown sp.   Midge    culicidae   Aedes albopictus   Asian Tiger Mosquito    cecidomyiidae   Unknown sp.   Gall Midge odonata   coenagrionidae   Argia funebris   Springwater Dancer       Ischnura ramburii   Rambur's Forktail       Ischnura posita   Fragile Forktail       Ischnura hastata   Citrine Forktail       Telebasis salva   Desert Firetail    aeshnidae   Anax junius   Common Green Darner    libellulidae   Sympetrum corruptum   Variegated Meadowhawk       Pachydiplax longipennis   Blue Dasher       Tramea onusta   Red Saddlebags       Tramea lacerata   Black Saddlebags       Libellula croceipennis   Neon Skimmer       Erythemis simplicicollis   Eastern Pondhawk orthoptera   acrididae   Melanoplus differentialis   Differential Grasshopper (nymph)       Melanoplus ponderosus   Ponderous Grasshopper (nymph)       Melanoplus femurrubrum   Red-legged Grasshopper       Melanoplus flabellatus   Dallas Short-winged Grasshopper (nymph)       Phaedrotettix dumicola   Spur-throated Grasshopper (nymph)       Paraidemona sp.   Spur-throated Grasshopper       Schistocerca lineata   Spotted Bird Grasshopper (nymph)       Schistocerca nitens   Gray Bird Grasshopper       Boopedon gracile   Graceful Range Grasshopper (nymph)       Lactista azteca   Aztec Bandwing       Arphia simplex   Plains Yellow-winged Grasshopper       Trimerotropis pallidipennis   Pallid-winged Grasshopper    tettigoniidae   Obolopteryx catinata   Spoon-tailed Short-winged Katydid (nymph)       Scudderia furcata   Fork-tailed Bush Katydid (nymph)       Conocephalus sp.   Meadow Katydid (nymph)       Pediodectes nigromarginata   Black-margined Shieldback (nymph)       Pediodectes haldemanii   Haldeman's Shieldback    gryllidae   Oecanthus varicornis   Tree Cricket (nymph)    tetrigidae   Paratettix mexicanus   Pygmy Grasshopper mantodea   mantidae   Stagmomantis carolina   Carolina mantis (nymph) blattodea   ectobiidae   Parcoblatta fulvescens   Fulvous Wood Roach neuroptera   myrmeleontidae   Mexoleon papago   Antlion trichoptera   leptoceridae   Leptocerus americanus   Long-horned Caddisfly       Triaenodes sp.   Long-horned Caddisfly    hydropsychidae   Cheumatopsyche sp.   Netspinning Caddisfly psocoptera   psocidae   Hyalopsocus striatus   Barklouse araneae   salticidae   Phidippus audax   Bold Jumper       Anasaitis canosa   Jumping Spider    araneidae   Argiope aurantia   Black and Yellow Garden Spider       Neoscona arabesca   Arabesque Orbweaver    oxyopidae   Oxyopes salticus   Striped Lynx       Oxyopes acleistus   Lynx Spider       Peucetia viridans   Green Lynx    philodromidae   Philodromus sp.   Running Crab Spider    thomisidae   Mecaphesa sp.   Crab Spider       Xysticus sp.   Crab Spider    tetragnathidae   Tetragnatha laboriosa   Silver Longjawed Orbweaver    lycosidae   Rabidosa rabida   Rabid Wolf Spider    pholcidae   Pholcus phalangioides   Long-bodied Cellar Spider    theraphosidae   Aphonopelma sp.   Tarantula